The Engima Cipher Machine

There can be little doubt that the German “Enigma” was the best and safest mechanical cipher machine available in any country at the outbreak of the Second World War. Its general use by all three services of the German armed forces presented the Allies with a very serious impediment to their efforts to read the German military message traffic and a great deal of time and effort was expended in attempts to devise a rapid and accurate method of deciphering it. That these efforts were in the end successful, was due in the main to the work of a dedicated team of scientists and academics based at the Bletchley Park facility north of London, England, and the stablishment of the “Ultra” intelligence gathering and distribution operation that worked so well for the Allies throughout the most crucial parts of the conflict. The author’s interest in the Enigma began when working as a volunteer communications specialist at the Canadian War Museum. Two Enigma machines were discovered stored with the radio and other electronic equipment at the Vimy Ridge storage facility. Further investigation of these machines found that one was the three-cipher-cylinder Type “A.” It was even found to be in operating condition, being essentially complete with three of its five cipher cylinders in place. The other machine was a four-cylinder Type “M.” It was in generally good condition, but lacked most of its cipher cylinders. It currently forms part of a Naval display at the Canadian War Museum on Sussex Drive in Ottawa, Ontario

Confocal microscopy

Chapter focusing on confocal microscopy. A confocal microscope is one in which the illumination is confined to a small volume in the specimen, the detection is confined to the same volume and the image is built up by scanning this volume over the specimen, either by moving the beam of light over the specimen or by displacing the specimen relative to a stationary beam. The chief advantage of this type of microscope is that it gives a greatly enhanced discrimination of depth relative to conventional microscopes. Commercial systems appeared in the 1980s and, despite their high cost, the world market for them is probably between 500 and 1000 instruments per annum, mainly because of their use in biomedical research in conjunction with fluorescent labelling methods. There are many books and review articles on this subject ( e.g. Pawley ( 2006) , Matsumoto( 2002), Wilson (1990) ). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to optical and engineering aspects that may be o f interest to biomedical users of confocal microscopy

Motivations, expectations and experiences of Australian rural and regional planners

Despite playing an extremely important role in shaping communities, the role and contribution of planners is not widely understood or acknowledged. At the same time, there is a shortage of planners in Australia, especially in non-urban areas. Thus, though an online survey of 185 rural and regional planners, this research explores their motivations, expectations and experiences. Most enjoyed and felt confident in their role, explaining that they valued the relaxed family orientated rural lifestyle and the varied nature of the planning work. Although they sometimes felt isolated, the non-urban location provided quicker progression to senior roles, the ability to engage directly with the community and to see the consequences of their decisions. Only half felt their education had prepared them well for their role, citing gaps in terms of computerised modelling, team leadership and conflict resolution skills. Their feedback centred on providing a more practical course, focussing more on regional planning, and encouraging urban and rural experience placements. As the first study to quantifiably explore rural and regional Australian planners perceptions of their role and challenges, the findings illustrate current experiences, key planning challenges, perceived educational gaps and future priorities

Discussion paper and working paper series : Motivations, expectations and experiences of Australian rural and regional planners

Despite playing an extremely important role in shaping communities, the role and contribution of planners is not widely understood or acknowledged. At the same time, there is a shortage of planners in Australia, especially in non-urban areas. Thus, though an online survey of 185 rural and regional planners, this research explores their motivations, expectations and experiences. Most enjoyed and felt confident in their role, explaining that they valued the relaxed family orientated rural lifestyle and the varied nature of the planning work. Although they sometimes felt isolated, the non-urban location provided quicker progression to senior roles, the ability to engage directly with the community and to see the consequences of their decisions. Only half felt their education had prepared them well for their role, citing gaps in terms of computerised modelling, team leadership and conflict resolution skills. Their feedback centred on providing a more practical course, focussing more on regional planning, and encouraging urban and rural experience placements. As the first study to quantifiably explore rural and regional Australian planners perceptions of their role and challenges, the findings illustrate current experiences, key planning challenges, perceived educational gaps and future priorities

Tony Smith and Jerry Wilson in a Joint Junior Recital

This is the program for the joint junior recital of alto saxophonist Tony Smith and horn player Jerry Wilson. Pianist Lisa Ann Wallis assisted Smith; pianist Vivian Jerry assisted Wilson. The recital took place on October 23, 1981, in the Mabee Fine Arts Center Recital Hall

BUMP TO INITIATE AUTHENTICATION BASED TOKEN ON A MOVING DEVICE

The present invention aims to employ the second device for propagating to the loyalty model to allow a user to access a temporary card token without disclosing primary account number (PAN) information. A first device (101) is pre-registered with the software development kit (SDK) of the user\u27s payment network provider for authorization tokens without disclosing card information. In addition, if a token is bumped on the dashboard of the first device, a token of low value might be sent to the second device based on the consolidated loyalty score of the devices. A silent push message sent by the payment network provider is forwarded by the Issuer to the second device (102). An Instant Token of the specified amount is generated on the second device after it has verified the push message\u27s authenticity. Utilizing the identity data from the second device, Issuer will bill the customer for the transaction